The glossary.

Deliberately flooding a radio frequency with noise so legitimate signals can't get through — like shouting over someone so they can't be heard.

Pretending to be someone or something else — faking an email address, phone number, IP or GPS location to trick a system or person.

The part of an attack that actually does the work — the code or commands that run once a way in has been found.

Trying every possible password or key, one after another, until the right one works. Slow but simple.

Radio-Frequency Identification — tiny chips read wirelessly at short range, used in access cards, tags and pet microchips.

Tricking people into giving up passwords or data by pretending to be a trusted message, site or person.

Capturing a valid signal (like a door remote) and sending it again later to repeat the action.

Open-Source Intelligence — gathering information from publicly available sources like websites, records and social media.

The low-level software baked into a device that tells the hardware how to behave — updatable, but more permanent than an app.

Secretly sitting between two parties, reading or altering their messages while both think they talk directly.

A USB device that pretends to be a keyboard and types commands far faster than a human could.

A security trick where a remote uses a new, unpredictable code each time — so a captured signal can't simply be replayed.